Wiki source code of Short URLs

Version 74.2 by Vincent Massol on 2022/07/11

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Manuel Smeria 19.4 1 {{box cssClass="floatinginfobox" title="**Contents**"}}
2 {{toc/}}
3 {{/box}}
Jerome 14.1 4
Manuel Smeria 19.4 5 This tutorial shows you how to tune your XWiki platform by replacing the default URL scheme with a shorter scheme.
Jerome 15.1 6
Jerome 14.1 7 {{info}}
8 A short URL is an URL without the ##xwiki/bin/view## parts.
9 {{/info}}
maalej 2.1 10
Dmitry Bakbardin 20.1 11 = I. Application name =
maalej 1.1 12
Jerome 14.1 13 The ##/xwiki/## part of the URL is the application name. It identifies the application that should process the request, and it allows a container to host more than one application. To change it you must refer to your container's documentation and find how to map the context path of a web application. For example on Tomcat it's enough to simply deploy the XWiki webapp in the ##webapps## directory, in a sub directory named after the application name you wish to use (e.g. ##webapps/myappname##).
maalej 1.1 14
Vincent Massol 47.1 15 == Deploying as ROOT ==
16
Vincent Massol 46.1 17 A special case is when deploying XWiki as the ROOT application, which actually allows the application name part to be empty, so an URL can take the form ##server.com/bin/view/Space/Document##.
Guillaume Fenollar 43.1 18
Vincent Massol 46.1 19 Achieving this depends on the container, as there's no standard regarding the ROOT application (Refer to your container's documentation for more details).
20
21 Some examples:
Paul Libbrecht 51.1 22
Vincent Massol 46.1 23 * In Tomcat, with the default configuration, all it takes is to deploy the XWiki web application in ##webapps##, in a sub directory named ##ROOT## (i.e. ##webapps/ROOT##).
Vincent Massol 26.1 24 * In Jetty, with the default configuration, all it takes is to deploy the XWiki web application in ##webapps##, in a sub directory named ##root##. Note that if you're using the Standalone distribution (which packages Jetty and HSQLDB) then you'll also need to:
25 ** Remove the existing ##webapps/root## directory which contains a redirect Servlet that automatically redirects root URLs to the ##xwiki## context. You won't need that anymore.
26 ** Rename the existing ##webapps/xwiki## directory into ##webapps/root##.
27 ** Remove the ##jetty/contexts/xwiki.xml## file and thus keep only the ##jetty/contexts/root.xml## file. Otherwise you'll get a warning in the console.
Vincent Massol 10.2 28
Vincent Massol 47.2 29 In addition, starting with XWiki 6.2.8/6.4.3/7.0 you must tell XWiki that it's deployed as ROOT by setting the ##xwiki.webapppath## to empty in your ##xwiki.cfg## configuration file as in:
Vincent Massol 26.1 30
Vincent Massol 46.1 31 {{code language="none"}}
32 xwiki.webapppath=
33 {{/code}}
34
35 The reason is that XWiki cannot guess the webapp context from the URL in this case. This seemed to work on previous versions but it was actually leading to errors from time to time, depending on what URL was used when doing the first request on the XWiki instance.
36
Vincent Massol 49.1 37 === When using the XWiki Debian Package ===
38
Ecaterina Moraru (Valica) 61.1 39 See [[Installation using Debian (.DEB) packages>>Documentation.AdminGuide.Installation.InstallationViaAPT.WebHome||anchor="HXWikiasrootwebapp28shortURLs29"]].
Vincent Massol 49.1 40
Dmitry Bakbardin 20.1 41 = II. Servlet mapping name =
maalej 1.1 42
Thomas Mortagne 71.1 43 The second part is the hardest part to remove. It identifies the servlet that should process the page, which, for ##/bin/##, is the action servlet. Generically speaking, to get rid of ##/bin/##, you need to configure your system so that URLs matching ##/*## are mapped to the Action Servlet (by default only ##/bin/*## URLs are mapped to the Action Servlet).
maalej 1.1 44
Thomas Mortagne 70.1 45 However you need to be careful that the following prefixes do NOT go through the Action Servlet (see your ##web.xml## to check their current mappings):
Guillaume Fenollar 43.1 46
Vincent Massol 29.1 47 * ##/resources/*## and ##/skins/*##: Statically served resources. These need to be served directly as static resources.
Vincent Massol 35.1 48 * ##/rest/*##: REST resources, served by the XWiki REST Servlet
Vincent Massol 29.1 49 * ##/redirect##: The XWiki Redirect Servlet used to redirect to the home page when no page is specified in the URL
maalej 1.1 50
Vincent Massol 38.1 51 There are various alternate to achieve this:
Dmitry Bakbardin 20.1 52
Vincent Massol 38.1 53 {{toc scope="local"/}}
54
Vincent Massol 37.1 55 {{info}}
Ecaterina Moraru (Valica) 62.1 56 You might be tempted to configure just your XWiki's ##web.xml## file [[but this won't work>>Documentation.AdminGuide.ShortURLs.ShortURLsInvalid.WebHome]].
Vincent Massol 37.1 57 {{/info}}
58
Vincent Massol 29.1 59 == UrlRewriteFilter ==
60
Guillaume Fenollar 43.1 61 {{info}}
Vincent Massol 74.1 62 * This is the simplest solution of all but you'll need XWiki 5.2+ because of [[this issue that was fixed in XWiki 5.2>>https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-9430]].
63 * This solution doesn't work with Tomcat 9.x+ (was working with Tomcat 8.x) since Tomcat performs very early mapping of incoming requests before the URLRewriteFilter has a chance to add the ##/bin## prefix. Thus the mapping is [[wrongly associated to the default Servlet instead of the XWiki Action Servlet>>https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-19444?focusedCommentId=112420&page=com.atlassian.jira.plugin.system.issuetabpanels:comment-tabpanel#comment-112420]].
Guillaume Fenollar 43.1 64 {{/info}}
Vincent Massol 29.1 65
Vincent Massol 36.1 66 "UrlRewriteFilter" is a [[framework offering a Servlet Filter>>http://www.tuckey.org/urlrewrite/]] allowing to rewrite URLs.
67
68 Install steps:
Guillaume Fenollar 43.1 69
Vincent Massol 73.2 70 1. [[Download the JAR>>https://search.maven.org/artifact/org.tuckey/urlrewritefilter]] and put it in ##WEB-INF/lib##
Vincent Massol 64.1 71 1. Edit your ##WEB-INF/web.xml## and add the ##<filter>## and ##<filter-mapping>## definitions [[as documented>>http://www.tuckey.org/urlrewrite/]]. Make sure to have them first so that they're executed before any other XWiki filter.
slauriere 67.1 72 1. Drop the following content below in a file at ##WEB-INF/urlrewrite.xml##:(((
Vincent Massol 63.1 73 Note that this is just an example and you should tune it depending on what you wish to achieve. Its principle is very simple: it takes some URL format you wish to have and convert those URLs into the format that XWiki expects in input, and, in output, it does the opposite and converts the XWiki format into the format you wish to have.
74
75 The example below expects URLs without a ##/bin## and thus adds it so that XWiki has it when it processes URLs and in output, removes the ##/bin## so that generated URLs are without ##/bin##.
76
Jerome 14.1 77 {{code language="xml"}}
Vincent Massol 29.1 78 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
79 <!DOCTYPE urlrewrite PUBLIC "-//tuckey.org//DTD UrlRewrite 4.0//EN"
80 "http://www.tuckey.org/res/dtds/urlrewrite4.0.dtd">
Vincent Massol 42.1 81 <urlrewrite decode-using="null">
Vincent Massol 29.1 82
83 <rule>
84 <note>
Thomas Mortagne 70.1 85 Ensure that URLs that must not be served by the Action Servlet are not modified.
Vincent Massol 29.1 86 </note>
Vincent Massol 73.1 87 <from>^/((bin|resources|skins|asyncrenderer|rest|wiki|jcaptcha|webjars)/(.*)|robots\.txt)$</from>
Vincent Massol 29.1 88 <to type="forward" last="true">-</to>
89 </rule>
90
91 <rule>
92 <note>
93 For all other URLs we prepend the "/bin/" prefix so that they get routed to the XWiki Action Servlet.
94 </note>
95 <from>^/(.*)$</from>
96 <to type="forward">/bin/$1</to>
97 </rule>
98
Vincent Massol 32.1 99 <outbound-rule>
100 <note>
Vincent Massol 48.1 101 Rewrite outbound URLs to remove the "/bin" part when there are two paths after it.
Vincent Massol 32.1 102 </note>
103 <from>/bin/(.*)/(.*)$</from>
104 <to>/$1/$2</to>
105 </outbound-rule>
106
Vincent Massol 48.1 107 <outbound-rule>
108 <note>
109 Rewrite outbound URLs to remove the "/bin" part when there's a single path after it.
110 </note>
111 <from>/bin/(.*)$</from>
112 <to>/$1</to>
113 </outbound-rule>
114
115 <outbound-rule>
116 <note>
117 Rewrite outbound URLs to remove the "/bin" part it's the last path.
118 </note>
119 <from>/bin$</from>
120 <to>/</to>
121 </outbound-rule>
122
Vincent Massol 29.1 123 </urlrewrite>
124 {{/code}}
Vincent Massol 36.1 125 )))
Vincent Massol 29.1 126
Vincent Massol 72.1 127 **Note**: for debugging of URL Rewrite filter, set the ##logLevel## parameter as described in https://tuckey.org/urlrewrite/manual/4.0/index.html#filterparams (using the value ##sysout:DEBUG##, the logs can be read in tomcat logs).
Anca Luca 45.1 128
Vincent Massol 39.1 129 == Apache ==
Jerome 16.1 130
Vincent Massol 39.1 131 Strategy:
Guillaume Fenollar 43.1 132
Vincent Massol 73.1 133 * Tell Apache that ##/skins## and ##/resources## URLs are served statically so that they don't go through the Servlet container
134 * Configure ##web.xml## so that ##/*## URLs go through the Action Servlet
Vincent Massol 39.1 135 * Tell XWiki to not generate URLs with ##bin## in the path
Sergiu Dumitriu 4.1 136
Vincent Massol 39.1 137 Configuration steps:
Guillaume Fenollar 43.1 138
Vincent Massol 39.1 139 * Setup the following Apache configuration:(((
140 {{code language="apache"}}
Manuel Smeria 19.4 141 Alias /skins /usr/local/xwiki/skins
142 Alias /resources /usr/local/xwiki/resources
Jerome 19.1 143
Vincent Massol 34.1 144 RewriteEngine on
145
146 RewriteRule ^/+skins - [L]
147 RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !\.gwtrpc$
148 RewriteRule ^/+resources($|/.*) - [L]
149
150 RewriteRule .* http://localhost:8080%{REQUEST_URI} [P,L]
151 ProxyPassReverse / http://localhost:8080/
152 {{/code}}
Vincent Massol 39.1 153 )))
Vincent Massol 41.1 154 * Edit ##web.xml## and add:(((
Vincent Massol 39.1 155 {{code language="xml"}}
156 <servlet-mapping>
157 <servlet-name>action</servlet-name>
158 <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
159 </servlet-mapping>
160 {{/code}}
161 )))
162 * Add the following in ##xwiki.cfg## (empty value after the equal sign):(((
Jerome 14.1 163 {{code language="none"}}
Vincent Massol 39.1 164 xwiki.defaultservletpath=
Jerome 14.1 165 {{/code}}
Guillaume Fenollar 43.1 166 )))
PaulHarris 12.1 167
Thomas Mortagne 70.1 168 = III. action name =
Jerome 14.1 169
Thomas Mortagne 70.1 170 The third part, ##/view/##, identifies the action that should process a request. So this tells what we want to do with the document, ##/view/## it, ##/edit/## it or ##/delete/## it, for example.
Manuel Smeria 19.4 171
Vincent Massol 50.2 172 It's possible to configure XWiki to allow omitting this action when you wish to imply ##view## and also to have XWiki generate URLs without the ##view## action. This is achieved by editing ##xwiki.cfg## and setting {{code language="none"}}xwiki.showviewaction=0{{/code}}.
Manuel Smeria 19.4 173
Vincent Massol 50.2 174 {{info}}
175 Before XWiki 7.2 and Nested Pages, XWiki was supporting dropping ##view## in the URL without changing the configuration. However this was broken in 7.2 in order to support Nested Pages.
176 {{/info}}
177
Dmitry Bakbardin 20.1 178 = IV. Error Page =
Manuel Smeria 19.4 179
Jerome 14.1 180 At the ##WEB-INF/web.xml##, the ##location## of the 404 error code needs to be changed accordingly. For example:
181
182 {{code language="xml"}}
183 <error-page>
mingfai 9.1 184 <error-code>404</error-code>
185 <!--<location>/xwiki/bin/view/Main/DocumentDoesNotExist</location>-->
186 <location>/bin/Main/DocumentDoesNotExist</location>
187 </error-page>
Jerome 14.1 188 {{/code}}
mingfai 9.1 189
Dmitry Bakbardin 20.1 190 = V. Conclusion =
Sergiu Dumitriu 4.1 191
192 After performing all these changes, you should be able to access documents with URLs like:
Jerome 14.1 193
Sergiu Dumitriu 4.1 194 * server.com/Space/Document
195 * server.com/Space/ (pointing to Space.WebHome)
196 * server.com/Document (pointing to Main.Document)
197 * server.com/ will show Main.WebHome, without any redirect.
198
Vincent Massol 5.1 199 As a bonus, these changes are backwards compatible, meaning that any currently working URL will also work with these changes performed, so you won't have any broken bookmarks.
Valdis Vitolins 54.1 200
201
202 = Other solutions =
203
204 Some XWiki users have contributed other solutions but they've not been verified by a XWiki Development Team member at this stage so use at your own risk ;)
205
Ecaterina Moraru (Valica) 60.8 206 * [[Lighttpd + Jetty>>platform:Main.ShortURLsLighttpdJetty]]
Valdis Vitolins 58.1 207 * [[Apache + Tomcat>>http://odo.lv/Recipes/XWikiShortURLs?language=en]]

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